NFL · Empirical Bayes

True-Talent Leaderboards

A raw single-season rate is a noisy guess at a player’s real ability, and the noise is worst for the smallest samples — so a naïve leaderboard is topped by whoever got lucky in the fewest tries. This one shrinks every rate toward its position-group prior by how much the sample can be trusted, and shows a 90% credible interval instead of a point. Toggle raw vs. shrunk to watch the flukes fall back to the pack.

Target success rate · 2022

Share of targets with positive EPA, shrunk within position.

Beats raw by
21.9%
lower out-of-sample error
RMSE raw → shrunk
11.7% → 9.1%
odd vs. even weeks
Split-half reliability
0.19
how repeatable the raw stat is
Stabilizes at
146 TE · 202 WR
targets to trust the number
shrunkrawthe shrink90% CI
45%50%55%60%TE avgWR avg1Dallas GoedertPHI · 6958.3%2Travis KelceKC · 15356.3%3JuJu Smith-Schust…KC · 10256.2%4Will DisslySEA · 3856.2%5Tee HigginsCIN · 11055.7%6Tyler LockettSEA · 11755.1%7Stefon DiggsBUF · 15455.0%8Amon-Ra St. BrownDET · 14654.9%9Evan EngramJAX · 10154.8%10Justin JeffersonMIN · 18554.8%11Dawson KnoxBUF · 6554.2%12Austin HooperTEN · 6054.1%13Donald ParhamLAC · 1254.1%14Mark AndrewsBAL · 11454.0%15Richie JamesNYG · 7054.0%16Chris Godwin Jr.TB · 14553.9%17David NjokuCLE · 8053.7%18Tyler BoydCIN · 8553.6%19Noah GrayKC · 3453.6%20Daniel BellingerNYG · 3653.5%21Tyreek HillMIA · 17053.5%22Isaiah HodginsNYG · 4953.3%23Mitchell WilcoxCIN · 1853.3%24Adam TrautmanNO · 2253.2%25Mike WilliamsLAC · 9353.2%26Brock WrightDET · 2453.2%27Terry McLaurinWAS · 12053.1%28Chris OlaveNO · 12053.1%29CeeDee LambDAL · 15653.0%30Hayden HurstCIN · 6853.0%31Tre'Quan SmithNO · 2752.8%32Jack StollPHI · 1452.8%33Michael ThomasNO · 2252.6%34Ashton DulinIND · 2252.6%35Rashid ShaheedNO · 3452.5%36Eric TomlinsonDEN · 1352.5%37Dan ArnoldJAX · 1352.5%38Joseph FortsonKC · 1352.5%39KhaDarel HodgeATL · 2152.4%40Trenton IrwinCIN · 2352.4%41Wan'Dale RobinsonNYG · 3152.3%42Cedrick Wilson Jr.MIA · 1851.8%43Jalen NailorMIN · 1351.6%

Each row is a player: the solid dot is the shrunk estimate, the hollow dot the raw rate, joined by the red pull of regression; the grey bar is the 90% credible interval. A hollow shrunk dot means the sample is below the stabilization line — the number is mostly the position prior. Switch to Raw rank and watch the small-sample names climb.

Target success rate · 2022 · full board

Target success rate leaderboard for the 2022 NFL season, shrunk by empirical Bayes with 90% credible intervals, ranked by the shrunk estimate.
#PlayerTeamPostargetsRawShrunk90% interval
1Dallas Goedert◦ provisionalPHITE6972.5%58.3%52.8%63.8%
2Travis KelceKCTE15360.8%56.3%51.6%61.0%
3JuJu Smith-Schuster◦ provisionalKCWR10266.7%56.2%51.5%60.9%
4Will Dissly◦ provisionalSEATE3873.7%56.2%50.2%62.2%
5Tee Higgins◦ provisionalCINWR11064.5%55.7%51.1%60.3%
6Tyler Lockett◦ provisionalSEAWR11762.4%55.1%50.5%59.7%
7Stefon Diggs◦ provisionalBUFWR15460.4%55.0%50.7%59.3%
8Amon-Ra St. Brown◦ provisionalDETWR14660.3%54.9%50.4%59.2%
9Evan Engram◦ provisionalJAXTE10159.4%54.8%49.6%60.0%
10Justin Jefferson◦ provisionalMINWR18558.9%54.8%50.6%58.9%
11Dawson Knox◦ provisionalBUFTE6560.0%54.2%48.6%59.8%
12Austin Hooper◦ provisionalTENTE6060.0%54.1%48.4%59.8%
13Donald Parham◦ provisionalLACTE1283.3%54.1%47.5%60.5%
14Mark Andrews◦ provisionalBALTE11457.0%54.0%48.9%59.1%
15Richie James◦ provisionalNYGWR7062.9%54.0%49.0%59.0%
16Chris Godwin Jr.◦ provisionalTBWR14557.9%53.9%49.5%58.2%
17David Njoku◦ provisionalCLETE8057.5%53.7%48.3%59.2%
18Tyler Boyd◦ provisionalCINWR8560.0%53.6%48.8%58.4%
19Noah Gray◦ provisionalKCTE3461.8%53.6%47.4%59.7%
20Daniel Bellinger◦ provisionalNYGTE3661.1%53.5%47.4%59.6%
21Tyreek Hill◦ provisionalMIAWR17056.5%53.5%49.2%57.7%
22Isaiah Hodgins◦ provisionalNYGWR4963.3%53.3%48.1%58.5%
23Mitchell Wilcox◦ provisionalCINTE1866.7%53.3%46.9%59.7%
24Adam Trautman◦ provisionalNOTE2263.6%53.2%46.9%59.5%
25Mike Williams◦ provisionalLACWR9358.1%53.2%48.4%57.9%
26Brock Wright◦ provisionalDETTE2462.5%53.2%46.9%59.5%
27Terry McLaurin◦ provisionalWASWR12056.7%53.1%48.5%57.6%
28Chris Olave◦ provisionalNOWR12056.7%53.1%48.5%57.6%
29CeeDee Lamb◦ provisionalDALWR15655.8%53.0%48.7%57.4%
30Hayden Hurst◦ provisionalCINTE6855.9%53.0%47.4%58.6%
31Cole Kmet◦ provisionalCHITE7055.7%53.0%47.4%58.5%
32Tre'Quan Smith◦ provisionalNOWR2766.7%52.8%47.4%58.2%
33Jaylen Waddle◦ provisionalMIAWR11855.9%52.8%48.2%57.4%
34George Kittle◦ provisionalSFTE8654.6%52.8%47.4%58.1%
35Jack Stoll◦ provisionalPHITE1464.3%52.8%46.3%59.2%
36Zay Jones◦ provisionalJAXWR12255.7%52.7%48.2%57.3%
37Ja'Marr Chase◦ provisionalCINWR13455.2%52.6%48.2%57.1%
38Michael Thomas◦ provisionalNOWR2268.2%52.6%47.1%58.1%
39Ashton Dulin◦ provisionalINDWR2268.2%52.6%47.1%58.1%
40DeVante Parker◦ provisionalNEWR4759.6%52.6%47.3%57.8%
41Devin Duvernay◦ provisionalBALWR4959.2%52.5%47.3%57.7%
42Chig Okonkwo◦ provisionalTENTE4755.3%52.5%46.6%58.4%
43Russell Gage◦ provisionalTBWR7256.9%52.5%47.5%57.5%
44Brandon Aiyuk◦ provisionalSFWR11455.3%52.5%47.9%57.1%
45Rashid Shaheed◦ provisionalNOWR3461.8%52.5%47.1%57.8%
46Eric Tomlinson◦ provisionalDENTE1361.5%52.5%45.9%59.0%
47Dan Arnold◦ provisionalJAXTE1361.5%52.5%45.9%59.0%
48Joseph Fortson◦ provisionalKCTE1361.5%52.5%45.9%59.0%
49Colby Parkinson◦ provisionalSEATE3455.9%52.4%46.3%58.6%
50KhaDarel Hodge◦ provisionalATLWR2166.7%52.4%46.9%57.9%
51Connor Heyward◦ provisionalPITTE1758.8%52.4%46.0%58.8%
52Trenton Irwin◦ provisionalCINWR2365.2%52.4%46.9%57.9%
53MyCole Pruitt◦ provisionalATLTE2157.1%52.3%46.0%58.7%
54Johnny Mundt◦ provisionalMINTE2157.1%52.3%46.0%58.7%
55Juwan Johnson◦ provisionalNOTE6553.8%52.3%46.7%58.0%
56Wan'Dale Robinson◦ provisionalNYGWR3161.3%52.3%46.9%57.7%
57Cooper Kupp◦ provisionalLAWR9855.1%52.3%47.5%57.0%
58C.J. Uzomah◦ provisionalNYJTE2755.6%52.3%46.0%58.5%
59Josh Reynolds◦ provisionalDETWR5955.9%52.1%47.0%57.1%
60Jake Ferguson◦ provisionalDALTE2254.5%52.0%45.7%58.4%
61Isaiah McKenzie◦ provisionalBUFWR6555.4%52.0%47.0%57.0%
62K.J. Osborn◦ provisionalMINWR9054.4%52.0%47.2%56.8%
63Randall Cobb◦ provisionalGBWR5056.0%51.9%46.8%57.1%
64Allen Robinson◦ provisionalLAWR5255.8%51.9%46.8%57.1%
65Jauan Jennings◦ provisionalSFWR5655.4%51.9%46.8%57.0%
66Noah Fant◦ provisionalSEATE6352.4%51.9%46.2%57.5%
67Skyy Moore◦ provisionalKCWR3357.6%51.9%46.5%57.2%
68Drake London◦ provisionalATLWR11853.4%51.8%47.2%56.4%
69Zach Ertz◦ provisionalARITE7152.1%51.8%46.2%57.4%
70Tanner Hudson◦ provisionalNYGTE1553.3%51.8%45.3%58.3%
71Josiah Deguara◦ provisionalGBTE1553.3%51.8%45.3%58.3%
72Pat Freiermuth◦ provisionalPITTE9852.0%51.8%46.5%57.0%
73Allen Lazard◦ provisionalGBWR10153.5%51.8%47.0%56.5%
74Cedrick Wilson Jr.◦ provisionalMIAWR1861.1%51.8%46.2%57.3%
75Adam Thielen◦ provisionalMINWR10953.2%51.7%47.1%56.4%
76Foster Moreau◦ provisionalLVTE5451.8%51.7%45.9%57.5%
77Jordan Akins◦ provisionalHOUTE5651.8%51.7%45.9%57.5%
78Dalton Schultz◦ provisionalDALTE8951.7%51.7%46.3%57.0%
79Mecole Hardman◦ provisionalKCWR3455.9%51.6%46.3%57.0%
80Darius Slayton◦ provisionalNYGWR7153.5%51.6%46.6%56.6%
81Jalen Nailor◦ provisionalMINWR1361.5%51.6%46.0%57.2%
82A.J. Brown◦ provisionalPHIWR14552.4%51.5%47.1%56.0%
83Zach Pascal◦ provisionalPHIWR1957.9%51.5%46.0%57.0%
84Keenan Allen◦ provisionalLACWR8952.8%51.5%46.7%56.3%
85Sammy Watkins◦ provisionalBALWR2755.6%51.5%46.1%56.9%
86Peyton Hendershot◦ provisionalDALTE1650.0%51.5%45.0%57.9%
87Kalif Raymond◦ provisionalDETWR6453.1%51.5%46.4%56.5%
88Jamal Agnew◦ provisionalJAXWR3154.8%51.4%46.1%56.8%
89Christian Kirk◦ provisionalJAXWR13452.2%51.4%47.0%55.9%
90Durham Smythe◦ provisionalMIATE2050.0%51.4%45.1%57.8%
91Lawrence Cager◦ provisionalNYGTE2050.0%51.4%45.1%57.8%
92Christian Watson◦ provisionalGBWR6653.0%51.4%46.4%56.5%
93Kendall Hinton◦ provisionalDENWR3354.5%51.4%46.1%56.8%
94Greg Dulcich◦ provisionalDENTE5550.9%51.4%45.6%57.2%
95DK Metcalf◦ provisionalSEAWR14252.1%51.4%47.0%55.8%
96Robert Tonyan◦ provisionalGBTE6750.7%51.4%45.7%57.0%
97Ian Thomas◦ provisionalCARTE3050.0%51.4%45.2%57.6%
98Hunter Renfrow◦ provisionalLVWR5152.9%51.3%46.2%56.5%
99River Cracraft◦ provisionalMIAWR1457.1%51.3%45.7%56.9%
100Byron Pringle◦ provisionalCHIWR1656.3%51.3%45.8%56.9%
101Amari Cooper◦ provisionalCLEWR13351.9%51.3%46.8%55.8%
102Mack Hollins◦ provisionalLVWR9452.1%51.3%46.5%56.1%
103Donovan Peoples-Jones◦ provisionalCLEWR9652.1%51.3%46.5%56.0%
104Jakobi Meyers◦ provisionalNEWR9852.0%51.3%46.6%56.0%
105Kylen Granson◦ provisionalINDTE4050.0%51.3%45.3%57.3%
106Josh Palmer◦ provisionalLACWR10851.8%51.2%46.6%55.9%
107Laviska Shenault Jr.◦ provisionalCARWR3253.1%51.2%45.9%56.6%
108Jarvis Landry◦ provisionalNOWR4052.5%51.2%45.9%56.5%
109Taysom Hill◦ provisionalNOTE1346.2%51.2%44.7%57.7%
110Anthony Firkser◦ provisionalATLTE1346.2%51.2%44.7%57.7%
111Marquise Goodwin◦ provisionalSEAWR4252.4%51.2%45.9%56.4%
112Kendrick Bourne◦ provisionalNEWR4852.1%51.1%46.0%56.3%
113Michael Pittman◦ provisionalINDWR14251.4%51.1%46.7%55.5%
114Jalen Reagor◦ provisionalMINWR1353.8%51.1%45.5%56.7%
115Tom Kennedy◦ provisionalDETWR1553.3%51.1%45.5%56.7%
116David Sills◦ provisionalNYGWR1752.9%51.1%45.5%56.6%
117Ray-Ray McCloud◦ provisionalSFWR2552.0%51.0%45.6%56.5%
118Trey McBride◦ provisionalARITE3948.7%51.0%45.0%57.1%
119Harrison Bryant◦ provisionalCLETE4348.8%51.0%45.0%57.0%
120Terrace Marshall Jr.◦ provisionalCARWR4751.1%51.0%45.8%56.1%
121Olamide Zaccheaus◦ provisionalATLWR6150.8%50.9%45.8%56.0%
122DeAndre Carter◦ provisionalLACWR6550.8%50.9%45.9%55.9%
123Mike Evans◦ provisionalTBWR12850.8%50.9%46.4%55.4%
124Teagan Quitoriano◦ provisionalHOUTE1442.9%50.9%44.4%57.4%
125Albert Okwuegbunam◦ provisionalDENTE1844.4%50.8%44.4%57.3%
126Kadarius Toney◦ provisionalKCWR2050.0%50.8%45.3%56.4%
127Marvin Jones◦ provisionalJAXWR8150.6%50.8%46.0%55.7%
128John Bates◦ provisionalWASTE2245.5%50.8%44.5%57.2%
129George Pickens◦ provisionalPITWR8550.6%50.8%46.0%55.7%
130Mo Alie-Cox◦ provisionalINDTE2846.4%50.8%44.6%57.0%
131Irv Smith◦ provisionalMINTE3647.2%50.8%44.7%56.9%
132Courtland Sutton◦ provisionalDENWR10950.5%50.8%46.1%55.4%
133Van Jefferson◦ provisionalLAWR4450.0%50.8%45.5%56.0%
134Jelani Woods◦ provisionalINDTE4047.5%50.7%44.7%56.8%
135DJ Chark◦ provisionalDETWR5250.0%50.7%45.6%55.9%
136Darnell Mooney◦ provisionalCHIWR6250.0%50.7%45.6%55.8%
137Jamison Crowder◦ provisionalBUFWR1346.2%50.6%45.0%56.2%
138Parris Campbell◦ provisionalINDWR9250.0%50.6%45.9%55.4%
139DeSean Jackson◦ provisionalBALWR1747.1%50.6%45.1%56.2%
140DeAndre Hopkins◦ provisionalARIWR9850.0%50.6%45.9%55.4%
141Khalil Shakir◦ provisionalBUFWR2147.6%50.6%45.1%56.1%
142Damiere Byrd◦ provisionalATLWR2347.8%50.6%45.1%56.1%
143Gerald Everett◦ provisionalLACTE8848.9%50.6%45.2%56.0%
144Shane Zylstra◦ provisionalDETTE1540.0%50.6%44.1%57.0%
145Tyler Higbee◦ provisionalLATE10849.1%50.5%45.4%55.7%
146Josh Oliver◦ provisionalBALTE2544.0%50.5%44.2%56.8%
147Jahan Dotson◦ provisionalWASWR6349.2%50.5%45.5%55.6%
148Robert Woods◦ provisionalTENWR9149.5%50.5%45.7%55.3%
149Hunter Henry◦ provisionalNETE5947.5%50.4%44.7%56.2%
150Cade Otton◦ provisionalTBTE6547.7%50.4%44.8%56.1%
151DeVonta Smith◦ provisionalPHIWR13749.6%50.4%45.9%54.9%
152Amari Rodgers◦ provisionalHOUWR2646.2%50.4%45.0%55.8%
153Brandon Powell◦ provisionalLAWR3246.9%50.4%45.0%55.7%
154Jerry Jeudy◦ provisionalDENWR10049.0%50.3%45.6%55.0%
155Geoff Swaim◦ provisionalTENTE1637.5%50.2%43.8%56.7%
156Darren Waller◦ provisionalLVTE4445.5%50.2%44.3%56.2%
157Dee Eskridge◦ provisionalSEAWR1338.5%50.2%44.6%55.8%
158Kyle Philips◦ provisionalTENWR1338.5%50.2%44.6%55.8%
159Keelan Cole◦ provisionalLVWR2142.9%50.2%44.7%55.7%
160Trent Sherfield◦ provisionalMIAWR5147.1%50.1%45.0%55.3%
161Noah Brown◦ provisionalDALWR7548.0%50.1%45.2%55.1%
162Gabe Davis◦ provisionalBUFWR9348.4%50.1%45.4%54.9%
163Garrett Wilson◦ provisionalNYJWR14749.0%50.1%45.7%54.5%
164T.J. Hockenson◦ provisionalMINTE13148.1%50.0%45.0%54.9%
165Corey Davis◦ provisionalNYJWR6446.9%50.0%44.9%55.0%
166Mike Gesicki◦ provisionalMIATE5345.3%50.0%44.1%55.8%
167Marquez Callaway◦ provisionalNOWR3243.8%50.0%44.6%55.3%
168Rashod Bateman◦ provisionalBALWR2842.9%50.0%44.5%55.4%
169Treylon Burks◦ provisionalTENWR5446.3%50.0%44.8%55.1%
170Cam Sims◦ provisionalWASWR1838.9%49.9%44.4%55.5%
171KJ Hamler◦ provisionalDENWR1435.7%49.9%44.4%55.5%
172Dyami Brown◦ provisionalWASWR1435.7%49.9%44.4%55.5%
173Marquez Valdes-Scantling◦ provisionalKCWR8146.9%49.8%44.9%54.7%
174Romeo Doubs◦ provisionalGBWR6746.3%49.8%44.8%54.8%
175Julio Jones◦ provisionalTBWR4344.2%49.8%44.5%55.0%
176David Bell◦ provisionalCLEWR3542.9%49.7%44.4%55.1%
177Kenny Golladay◦ provisionalNYGWR1735.3%49.7%44.2%55.3%
178James Proche◦ provisionalBALWR1735.3%49.7%44.2%55.3%
179Michael Bandy◦ provisionalLACWR2138.1%49.7%44.2%55.2%
180Jonnu Smith◦ provisionalNETE3842.1%49.7%43.6%55.7%
181Eric Saubert◦ provisionalDENTE2437.5%49.6%43.3%56.0%
182Pharaoh Brown◦ provisionalCLETE2035.0%49.6%43.3%56.0%
183Deebo Samuel Sr.◦ provisionalSFWR9446.8%49.6%44.9%54.4%
184Nick Westbrook-Ikhine◦ provisionalTENWR5044.0%49.5%44.4%54.7%
185Phillip Dorsett◦ provisionalHOUWR4042.5%49.5%44.3%54.8%
186Equanimeous St. Brown◦ provisionalCHIWR3842.1%49.5%44.2%54.8%
187Justin Watson◦ provisionalKCWR3441.2%49.5%44.2%54.9%
188Curtis Samuel◦ provisionalWASWR9346.2%49.5%44.7%54.2%
189Chase Claypool◦ provisionalCHIWR7945.6%49.4%44.5%54.3%
190Demarcus Robinson◦ provisionalBALWR7545.3%49.4%44.5%54.4%
191O.J. Howard◦ provisionalHOUTE2334.8%49.3%43.0%55.7%
192Zach Gentry◦ provisionalPITTE2334.8%49.3%43.0%55.7%
193Denzel Mims◦ provisionalNYJWR2536.0%49.3%43.8%54.7%
194Marcus Johnson◦ provisionalNYGWR2334.8%49.3%43.8%54.8%
195Steven Sims◦ provisionalPITWR2334.8%49.3%43.8%54.8%
196Diontae Johnson◦ provisionalPITWR14947.0%49.3%44.9%53.6%
197Alec Pierce◦ provisionalINDWR7844.9%49.2%44.3%54.1%
198Chris Moore◦ provisionalHOUWR7444.6%49.2%44.3%54.2%
199Michael Gallup◦ provisionalDALWR7444.6%49.2%44.3%54.2%
200Nico Collins◦ provisionalHOUWR6643.9%49.2%44.2%54.2%
201Greg Dortch◦ provisionalARIWR6443.8%49.2%44.2%54.2%
202Scott Miller◦ provisionalTBWR4040.0%49.1%43.9%54.4%
203Tommy Tremble◦ provisionalCARTE3237.5%49.1%42.9%55.3%
204Braxton Berrios◦ provisionalNYJWR3237.5%49.1%43.7%54.5%
205Brevin Jordan◦ provisionalHOUTE2835.7%49.1%42.9%55.3%
206Elijah Moore◦ provisionalNYJWR6543.1%49.0%44.0%54.0%
207Brandon Johnson◦ provisionalDENWR1421.4%49.0%43.4%54.6%
208Logan Thomas◦ provisionalWASTE6142.6%49.0%43.3%54.7%
209Kyle Pitts◦ provisionalATLTE5942.4%49.0%43.2%54.7%
210Tutu Atwell◦ provisionalLAWR3537.1%48.9%43.6%54.2%
211Breshad Perriman◦ provisionalTBWR1926.3%48.8%43.3%54.3%
212Sterling Shepard◦ provisionalNYGWR2429.2%48.6%43.2%54.1%
213Marquise Brown◦ provisionalARIWR10743.9%48.5%43.8%53.2%
214Tre' McKitty◦ provisionalLACTE1822.2%48.4%42.0%54.8%
215Rondale Moore◦ provisionalARIWR5639.3%48.4%43.3%53.5%
216Shi Smith◦ provisionalCARWR4235.7%48.3%43.1%53.6%
217Davante Adams◦ provisionalLVWR18145.3%48.3%44.1%52.5%
218Ben Skowronek◦ provisionalLAWR6139.3%48.2%43.2%53.3%
219Tyler Conklin◦ provisionalNYJTE8742.5%48.2%42.9%53.6%
220A.J. Green◦ provisionalARIWR4936.7%48.2%43.0%53.3%
221Brandin Cooks◦ provisionalHOUWR9341.9%48.1%43.3%52.9%
222Cameron Brate◦ provisionalTBTE3834.2%48.0%42.0%54.1%
223Robbie Chosen◦ provisionalARIWR4434.1%47.9%42.7%53.2%
224DJ Moore◦ provisionalCARWR11842.4%47.8%43.2%52.4%
225Tyquan Thornton◦ provisionalNEWR4533.3%47.7%42.5%52.9%
226Dante Pettis◦ provisionalCHIWR4230.9%47.5%42.3%52.8%
227Nelson Agholor◦ provisionalNEWR5334.0%47.4%42.3%52.5%
228Quez Watkins◦ provisionalPHIWR5133.3%47.4%42.2%52.5%
229Isaiah Likely◦ provisionalBALTE6035.0%46.8%41.1%52.5%

How the shrinkage works

Two estimators

Rate stats (completion %, success rate, catch rate) use a beta-binomial model: a Beta(α, β) prior fit by marginal likelihood over each position group, then a Beta posterior per player. Per-play averages (EPA, CPOE, yards) use a normal-normal model with DerSimonian–Laird between-player variance. Both pull each player toward their group by exactly how thin their sample is.

Does it help? & the fine print

The trust panel’s numbers come from a leakage-free odd/even-week holdout: fit on odd weeks, predict even-week raw. Shrinkage lowers out-of-sample error for every stat. Priors are fit per season and per position (WR and TE separately), so a TE’s baseline isn’t a skill. Regular season only, 2016–2025. Rushing and receiving efficiency are heavily scheme-driven — read the wide bands as the honesty they are.

Source: nflverse play-by-play. Counted and computed deterministically — never modeled by a language model. Built by build_nfl_leaderboards.py (byte-reproducible).