NFL · Empirical Bayes

True-Talent Leaderboards

A raw single-season rate is a noisy guess at a player’s real ability, and the noise is worst for the smallest samples — so a naïve leaderboard is topped by whoever got lucky in the fewest tries. This one shrinks every rate toward its position-group prior by how much the sample can be trusted, and shows a 90% credible interval instead of a point. Toggle raw vs. shrunk to watch the flukes fall back to the pack.

Catch rate · 2021

Receptions per target, shrunk within position (WR vs TE separately). Depth-of-target confound; catchable-target rate not available here.

Beats raw by
18.3%
lower out-of-sample error
RMSE raw → shrunk
11.1% → 9.1%
odd vs. even weeks
Split-half reliability
0.35
how repeatable the raw stat is
Stabilizes at
177 TE · 92 WR
targets to trust the number
shrunkrawthe shrink90% CI
50%60%70%TE avgWR avg1Hunter RenfrowLV · 12972.9%2Rondale MooreARI · 6471.9%3Cooper KuppLA · 19271.5%4Chris Godwin Jr.TB · 12771.3%5Durham SmytheMIA · 4171.1%6Albert OkwuegbunamDEN · 4070.9%7George KittleSF · 9470.8%8C.J. UzomahCIN · 6370.8%9Hayden HurstATL · 3170.6%10Maxx WilliamsARI · 1770.6%11Noah FantDEN · 9170.5%12Anthony FirkserTEN · 4370.4%13Pat FreiermuthPIT · 8070.4%14Gerald EverettSEA · 6370.4%15Dalton SchultzDAL · 10670.3%16Marcedes LewisGB · 2870.2%17Geoff SwaimTEN · 4070.0%18Will DisslySEA · 2669.9%19Jaylen WaddleMIA · 14069.9%20Stephen AndersonLAC · 1969.9%21Kendrick BourneNE · 7069.8%22John BatesWAS · 2569.8%23Dallas GoedertPHI · 7769.7%24Amon-Ra St. BrownDET · 12169.6%25Josiah DeguaraGB · 3369.5%26Tyler HigbeeLA · 8569.4%27Chris MooreHOU · 2269.4%28Davante AdamsGB · 16969.4%29Christian KirkARI · 10369.3%30Zach GentryPIT · 2569.3%31Harrison BryantCLE · 2869.2%32Adam ShaheenMIA · 1668.9%33Tommy SweeneyBUF · 1268.7%34Isaiah McKenzieBUF · 2666.2%35James ProcheBAL · 2066.2%36Cyril GraysonTB · 1265.5%37Malik TurnerDAL · 1665.0%

Each row is a player: the solid dot is the shrunk estimate, the hollow dot the raw rate, joined by the red pull of regression; the grey bar is the 90% credible interval. A hollow shrunk dot means the sample is below the stabilization line — the number is mostly the position prior. Switch to Raw rank and watch the small-sample names climb.

Catch rate · 2021 · full board

Catch rate leaderboard for the 2021 NFL season, shrunk by empirical Bayes with 90% credible intervals, ranked by the shrunk estimate.
#PlayerTeamPostargetsRawShrunk90% interval
1Hunter RenfrowLVWR12979.8%72.9%67.9%77.7%
2Rondale Moore◦ provisionalARIWR6484.4%71.9%65.8%77.6%
3Cooper KuppLAWR19275.5%71.5%67.0%75.8%
4Chris Godwin Jr.TBWR12777.2%71.3%66.2%76.2%
5Durham Smythe◦ provisionalMIATE4182.9%71.1%65.9%76.0%
6Albert Okwuegbunam◦ provisionalDENTE4082.5%70.9%65.8%75.9%
7George Kittle◦ provisionalSFTE9475.5%70.8%66.2%75.3%
8C.J. Uzomah◦ provisionalCINTE6377.8%70.8%65.9%75.5%
9Hayden Hurst◦ provisionalATLTE3183.9%70.6%65.3%75.7%
10Maxx Williams◦ provisionalARITE1794.1%70.6%65.1%75.8%
11Noah Fant◦ provisionalDENTE9174.7%70.5%65.8%75.0%
12Anthony Firkser◦ provisionalTENTE4379.1%70.4%65.3%75.4%
13Pat Freiermuth◦ provisionalPITTE8075.0%70.4%65.6%75.0%
14Gerald Everett◦ provisionalSEATE6376.2%70.4%65.5%75.1%
15Dalton Schultz◦ provisionalDALTE10673.6%70.3%65.8%74.7%
16Marcedes Lewis◦ provisionalGBTE2882.1%70.2%64.9%75.3%
17Geoff Swaim◦ provisionalTENTE4077.5%70.0%64.8%75.0%
18Will Dissly◦ provisionalSEATE2680.8%69.9%64.5%75.1%
19Jaylen WaddleMIAWR14074.3%69.9%64.8%74.7%
20Stephen Anderson◦ provisionalLACTE1984.2%69.9%64.4%75.1%
21Kendrick Bourne◦ provisionalNEWR7078.6%69.8%63.8%75.6%
22John Bates◦ provisionalWASTE2580.0%69.8%64.3%75.0%
23Dallas Goedert◦ provisionalPHITE7772.7%69.7%64.8%74.3%
24Amon-Ra St. BrownDETWR12174.4%69.6%64.3%74.6%
25Josiah Deguara◦ provisionalGBTE3375.8%69.5%64.2%74.6%
26Tyler Higbee◦ provisionalLATE8571.8%69.4%64.7%74.0%
27Chris Moore◦ provisionalHOUWR2295.5%69.4%62.2%76.3%
28Davante AdamsGBWR16972.8%69.4%64.6%74.0%
29Christian KirkARIWR10374.8%69.3%63.8%74.6%
30Zach Gentry◦ provisionalPITTE2576.0%69.3%63.8%74.5%
31Harrison Bryant◦ provisionalCLETE2875.0%69.2%63.8%74.4%
32T.J. Hockenson◦ provisionalDETTE8670.9%69.2%64.4%73.8%
33Jordan Akins◦ provisionalHOUTE3372.7%69.0%63.7%74.1%
34Tyler Conklin◦ provisionalMINTE8770.1%68.9%64.2%73.5%
35Adam Shaheen◦ provisionalMIATE1675.0%68.9%63.3%74.2%
36MyCole Pruitt◦ provisionalTENTE1973.7%68.8%63.3%74.2%
37Logan Thomas◦ provisionalWASTE2572.0%68.8%63.3%74.0%
38Tommy Sweeney◦ provisionalBUFTE1275.0%68.7%63.1%74.2%
39Donald Parham◦ provisionalLACTE2871.4%68.7%63.3%74.0%
40Brevin Jordan◦ provisionalHOUTE2871.4%68.7%63.3%74.0%
41Drew Sample◦ provisionalCINTE1573.3%68.7%63.1%74.1%
42Kylen Granson◦ provisionalINDTE1573.3%68.7%63.1%74.1%
43Dawson Knox◦ provisionalBUFTE7169.0%68.5%63.6%73.3%
44Brock Wright◦ provisionalDETTE1770.6%68.5%62.9%73.9%
45Travis Kelce◦ provisionalKCTE13468.7%68.5%64.1%72.7%
46Blake Bell◦ provisionalKCTE1369.2%68.4%62.7%73.8%
47Cole BeasleyBUFWR11372.6%68.4%62.9%73.6%
48James O'Shaughnessy◦ provisionalJAXTE3568.6%68.4%63.0%73.5%
49Foster Moreau◦ provisionalLVTE4468.2%68.3%63.1%73.3%
50David Njoku◦ provisionalCLETE5367.9%68.2%63.1%73.2%
51Pharaoh Brown◦ provisionalHOUTE3467.7%68.2%62.9%73.4%
52Eric Saubert◦ provisionalDENTE1266.7%68.2%62.5%73.7%
53Eric Ebron◦ provisionalPITTE1866.7%68.2%62.6%73.5%
54O.J. Howard◦ provisionalTBTE2166.7%68.1%62.6%73.5%
55Mark Andrews◦ provisionalBALTE15867.7%68.0%63.8%72.2%
56Blake Jarwin◦ provisionalDALTE1764.7%68.0%62.4%73.4%
57Hunter Henry◦ provisionalNETE7566.7%67.8%62.9%72.6%
58Tyler Kroft◦ provisionalNYJTE2564.0%67.8%62.3%73.1%
59Dan Arnold◦ provisionalJAXTE5366.0%67.8%62.6%72.8%
60Kyle Rudolph◦ provisionalNYGTE4065.0%67.7%62.4%72.8%
61Nick Vannett◦ provisionalNOTE1560.0%67.7%62.0%73.1%
62Jacob Hollister◦ provisionalJAXTE1560.0%67.7%62.0%73.1%
63Josh Oliver◦ provisionalBALTE1560.0%67.7%62.0%73.1%
64Ryan Griffin◦ provisionalNYJTE4264.3%67.5%62.3%72.6%
65Jack Doyle◦ provisionalINDTE4564.4%67.5%62.3%72.6%
66Robert Tonyan◦ provisionalGBTE2962.1%67.4%62.0%72.7%
67Tyreek HillKCWR15969.8%67.4%62.5%72.2%
68Juwan Johnson◦ provisionalNOTE2259.1%67.3%61.8%72.7%
69Zach Ertz◦ provisionalARITE11365.5%67.2%62.6%71.7%
70Jimmy Graham◦ provisionalCHITE2458.3%67.1%61.6%72.5%
71Ian Thomas◦ provisionalCARTE3060.0%67.1%61.7%72.4%
72Jonnu Smith◦ provisionalNETE4562.2%67.1%61.8%72.2%
73Cole Kmet◦ provisionalCHITE9364.5%67.0%62.2%71.6%
74Cedrick Wilson Jr.◦ provisionalDALWR6272.6%67.0%60.6%73.1%
75Mecole Hardman◦ provisionalKCWR8371.1%66.9%61.0%72.7%
76Adam Trautman◦ provisionalNOTE4461.4%66.9%61.7%72.0%
77Adam ThielenMINWR9570.5%66.9%61.2%72.5%
78Tyler BoydCINWR9570.5%66.9%61.2%72.5%
79Mike Gesicki◦ provisionalMIATE11364.6%66.9%62.3%71.3%
80N'Keal Harry◦ provisionalNETE2254.5%66.8%61.2%72.2%
81Evan Engram◦ provisionalNYGTE7363.0%66.8%61.8%71.6%
82Russell GageATLWR9470.2%66.8%61.0%72.3%
83Austin Hooper◦ provisionalCLETE6261.3%66.5%61.4%71.4%
84Braxton Berrios◦ provisionalNYJWR6570.8%66.3%60.0%72.4%
85Isaiah McKenzie◦ provisionalBUFWR2676.9%66.2%58.9%73.2%
86Ricky Seals-Jones◦ provisionalWASTE5158.8%66.2%61.0%71.3%
87James Proche◦ provisionalBALWR2080.0%66.2%58.7%73.4%
88Tommy Tremble◦ provisionalCARTE3655.6%66.2%60.8%71.4%
89Jamison Crowder◦ provisionalNYJWR7369.9%66.1%60.0%72.1%
90Rob Gronkowski◦ provisionalTBTE8961.8%66.1%61.3%70.8%
91Byron Pringle◦ provisionalKCWR6070.0%65.9%59.5%72.1%
92Michael PittmanINDWR13067.7%65.8%60.5%71.0%
93Kyle Pitts◦ provisionalATLTE11061.8%65.8%61.2%70.4%
94Randall Cobb◦ provisionalGBWR3971.8%65.8%58.8%72.4%
95Keenan AllenLACWR15867.1%65.7%60.7%70.5%
96Tyler LockettSEAWR10867.6%65.6%60.0%71.0%
97Devin Duvernay◦ provisionalBALWR4770.2%65.6%58.8%72.0%
98Brandin CooksHOUWR13467.2%65.5%60.3%70.7%
99Cyril Grayson◦ provisionalTBWR1283.3%65.5%57.7%73.0%
100Chester Rogers◦ provisionalTENWR4369.8%65.3%58.5%71.9%
101Mo Alie-Cox◦ provisionalINDTE4553.3%65.3%60.0%70.5%
102Quez Watkins◦ provisionalPHIWR6368.3%65.3%58.9%71.4%
103Kadarius Toney◦ provisionalNYGWR5768.4%65.2%58.7%71.5%
104Darren Waller◦ provisionalLVTE9359.1%65.2%60.3%69.9%
105Kalif Raymond◦ provisionalDETWR7167.6%65.1%58.9%71.1%
106Tee HigginsCINWR11166.7%65.1%59.5%70.5%
107Rashod Bateman◦ provisionalBALWR6867.7%65.1%58.8%71.2%
108Brandon Zylstra◦ provisionalCARWR2572.0%65.1%57.7%72.2%
109Antonio Brown◦ provisionalTBWR6267.7%65.0%58.6%71.2%
110Jerry Jeudy◦ provisionalDENWR5667.9%65.0%58.4%71.3%
111Malik Turner◦ provisionalDALWR1675.0%65.0%57.3%72.3%
112Sterling Shepard◦ provisionalNYGWR5367.9%64.9%58.3%71.3%
113Zay Jones◦ provisionalLVWR7067.1%64.9%58.7%71.0%
114Josh Palmer◦ provisionalLACWR4967.3%64.6%57.9%71.1%
115Allen Lazard◦ provisionalGBWR6066.7%64.6%58.1%70.8%
116Nick Westbrook-Ikhine◦ provisionalTENWR5766.7%64.5%58.0%70.9%
117Cameron Brate◦ provisionalTBTE5752.6%64.5%59.3%69.6%
118Jared Cook◦ provisionalLACTE8556.5%64.5%59.6%69.3%
119Tajae Sharpe◦ provisionalATLWR3767.6%64.5%57.4%71.2%
120CeeDee LambDALWR12165.3%64.4%58.9%69.7%
121Adam Humphries◦ provisionalWASWR6266.1%64.4%57.9%70.6%
122Amari CooperDALWR10465.4%64.4%58.7%69.9%
123Isaiah Ford◦ provisionalMIAWR1770.6%64.4%56.7%71.7%
124Damiere Byrd◦ provisionalCHIWR3966.7%64.2%57.2%71.0%
125DeAndre Hopkins◦ provisionalARIWR6465.6%64.2%57.8%70.4%
126Henry Ruggs III◦ provisionalLVWR3666.7%64.2%57.1%71.0%
127Jakobi MeyersNEWR12864.8%64.2%58.8%69.4%
128Mike EvansTBWR11464.9%64.1%58.6%69.6%
129Brandon Aiyuk◦ provisionalSFWR8665.1%64.1%58.1%69.9%
130Lil'Jordan Humphrey◦ provisionalNOWR1968.4%64.1%56.5%71.4%
131Laquon Treadwell◦ provisionalJAXWR5164.7%63.7%57.0%70.2%
132Dede Westbrook◦ provisionalMINWR1566.7%63.7%55.9%71.2%
133Julio Jones◦ provisionalTENWR4864.6%63.7%56.9%70.2%
134Tavon Austin◦ provisionalJAXWR3764.9%63.7%56.6%70.5%
135Jalen Guyton◦ provisionalLACWR4864.6%63.7%56.9%70.2%
136Robert Woods◦ provisionalLAWR7064.3%63.7%57.4%69.8%
137Cam Sims◦ provisionalWASWR2365.2%63.6%56.1%70.8%
138Kendall Hinton◦ provisionalDENWR2365.2%63.6%56.1%70.8%
139Quintez Cephus◦ provisionalDETWR2365.2%63.6%56.1%70.8%
140Tyler Johnson◦ provisionalTBWR5664.3%63.6%57.0%70.0%
141Albert Wilson◦ provisionalMIAWR3964.1%63.5%56.5%70.3%
142Deebo Samuel Sr.SFWR12163.6%63.4%58.0%68.8%
143Jakeem Grant◦ provisionalCHIWR1764.7%63.4%55.7%70.9%
144Justin JeffersonMINWR17063.5%63.4%58.5%68.2%
145Noah Brown◦ provisionalDALWR2564.0%63.4%55.9%70.5%
146Dax Milne◦ provisionalWASWR1464.3%63.3%55.5%70.9%
147Ja'Marr ChaseCINWR12863.3%63.2%57.8%68.5%
148Jauan Jennings◦ provisionalSFWR3863.2%63.2%56.1%70.0%
149Dante Pettis◦ provisionalNYGWR1662.5%63.1%55.4%70.6%
150Laviska Shenault Jr.JAXWR10063.0%63.1%57.3%68.7%
151Mohamed Sanu◦ provisionalSFWR2462.5%63.1%55.6%70.3%
152Tre'Quan Smith◦ provisionalNOWR5162.7%63.0%56.3%69.6%
153Juwann Winfree◦ provisionalGBWR1361.5%63.0%55.1%70.6%
154Stefon DiggsBUFWR16462.8%62.9%57.9%67.8%
155T.Y. Hilton◦ provisionalINDWR3762.2%62.9%55.8%69.8%
156Breshad Perriman◦ provisionalTBWR1861.1%62.9%55.2%70.3%
157Ty Montgomery◦ provisionalNOWR2661.5%62.8%55.4%70.0%
158Tim Patrick◦ provisionalDENWR8562.4%62.8%56.8%68.7%
159Danny Amendola◦ provisionalHOUWR3961.5%62.7%55.7%69.5%
160Penny Hart◦ provisionalSEAWR1258.3%62.6%54.7%70.3%
161Demarcus Robinson◦ provisionalKCWR4161.0%62.5%55.5%69.3%
162Freddie Swain◦ provisionalSEAWR4161.0%62.5%55.5%69.3%
163Ashton Dulin◦ provisionalINDWR2259.1%62.4%54.9%69.7%
164Marquise BrownBALWR14761.9%62.4%57.2%67.5%
165Deonte Harty◦ provisionalNOWR5961.0%62.4%55.8%68.7%
166Diontae JohnsonPITWR17361.9%62.3%57.4%67.2%
167Jamal Agnew◦ provisionalJAXWR4060.0%62.2%55.2%69.0%
168Antoine Wesley◦ provisionalARIWR3259.4%62.2%55.0%69.2%
169K.J. Osborn◦ provisionalMINWR8261.0%62.2%56.0%68.1%
170Chris Conley◦ provisionalHOUWR3759.5%62.1%55.0%69.0%
171DeSean Jackson◦ provisionalLVWR3458.8%62.0%54.8%69.0%
172DeVonta SmithPHIWR10561.0%62.0%56.3%67.6%
173Calvin Ridley◦ provisionalATLWR5259.6%61.9%55.2%68.5%
174Marvin JonesJAXWR12060.8%61.9%56.3%67.3%
175Josh Reynolds◦ provisionalDETWR4959.2%61.8%55.0%68.4%
176John Ross◦ provisionalNYGWR2055.0%61.7%54.1%69.1%
177Ben Skowronek◦ provisionalLAWR2055.0%61.7%54.1%69.1%
178Anthony Miller◦ provisionalPITWR1250.0%61.7%53.7%69.4%
179Jaelon Darden◦ provisionalTBWR1250.0%61.7%53.7%69.4%
180Equanimeous St. Brown◦ provisionalGBWR1752.9%61.6%53.8%69.1%
181Jarvis Landry◦ provisionalCLEWR8759.8%61.5%55.5%67.4%
182A.J. BrownTENWR10560.0%61.5%55.7%67.1%
183Ray-Ray McCloud◦ provisionalPITWR6659.1%61.5%55.0%67.8%
184Phillip Dorsett◦ provisionalHOUWR1450.0%61.5%53.6%69.1%
185Collin Johnson◦ provisionalNYGWR2152.4%61.2%53.6%68.6%
186Jalen Reagor◦ provisionalPHIWR5757.9%61.2%54.5%67.6%
187Terrace Marshall Jr.◦ provisionalCARWR3154.8%61.1%53.8%68.2%
188Olamide Zaccheaus◦ provisionalATLWR5457.4%61.1%54.4%67.6%
189Corey Davis◦ provisionalNYJWR5957.6%61.0%54.4%67.5%
190Donovan Peoples-Jones◦ provisionalCLEWR5957.6%61.0%54.4%67.5%
191Nelson Agholor◦ provisionalNEWR6457.8%61.0%54.5%67.3%
192JuJu Smith-Schuster◦ provisionalPITWR2853.6%61.0%53.5%68.2%
193Terry McLaurinWASWR13059.2%60.9%55.4%66.2%
194Parris Campbell◦ provisionalINDWR2050.0%60.8%53.2%68.3%
195Dee Eskridge◦ provisionalSEAWR2050.0%60.8%53.2%68.3%
196Emmanuel Sanders◦ provisionalBUFWR7357.5%60.7%54.4%66.9%
197Jeff Smith◦ provisionalNYJWR1747.1%60.7%52.9%68.2%
198A.J. GreenARIWR9358.1%60.6%54.7%66.5%
199Bryan Edwards◦ provisionalLVWR6056.7%60.6%54.0%67.0%
200Marcus Johnson◦ provisionalTENWR1947.4%60.5%52.8%68.0%
201Courtland SuttonDENWR10058.0%60.5%54.6%66.2%
202Michael Gallup◦ provisionalDALWR6256.5%60.5%53.9%66.9%
203Allen Robinson◦ provisionalCHIWR6756.7%60.5%54.0%66.8%
204Mike WilliamsLACWR13058.5%60.4%55.0%65.8%
205DeAndre Carter◦ provisionalWASWR4454.5%60.4%53.4%67.2%
206James Washington◦ provisionalPITWR4454.5%60.4%53.4%67.2%
207Sammy Watkins◦ provisionalBALWR4955.1%60.4%53.5%67.1%
208DK MetcalfSEAWR12958.1%60.3%54.8%65.6%
209Gabe Davis◦ provisionalBUFWR6355.6%60.1%53.6%66.5%
210Nico Collins◦ provisionalHOUWR6055.0%60.0%53.4%66.4%
211Trent Sherfield◦ provisionalSFWR2045.0%60.0%52.3%67.4%
212Dyami Brown◦ provisionalWASWR2548.0%60.0%52.4%67.3%
213Keelan Cole◦ provisionalNYJWR5253.8%59.8%53.0%66.4%
214Trinity Benson◦ provisionalDETWR2245.5%59.8%52.1%67.2%
215Van Jefferson◦ provisionalLAWR8956.2%59.8%53.7%65.7%
216Zach Pascal◦ provisionalINDWR6955.1%59.7%53.3%66.0%
217Darnell MooneyCHIWR14157.5%59.7%54.4%65.0%
218Mack Hollins◦ provisionalMIAWR2948.3%59.6%52.2%66.8%
219Josh Gordon◦ provisionalKCWR1435.7%59.6%51.6%67.3%
220Elijah Moore◦ provisionalNYJWR7855.1%59.5%53.3%65.6%
221DeVante Parker◦ provisionalMIAWR7354.8%59.5%53.1%65.7%
222Chase ClaypoolPITWR10556.2%59.5%53.7%65.1%
223Preston Williams◦ provisionalMIAWR1637.5%59.4%51.5%67.0%
224KhaDarel Hodge◦ provisionalDETWR2846.4%59.3%51.8%66.5%
225Anthony Schwartz◦ provisionalCLEWR2343.5%59.3%51.6%66.7%
226Marquise Goodwin◦ provisionalCHIWR4050.0%59.2%52.1%66.1%
227Marquez Callaway◦ provisionalNOWR8454.8%59.2%53.0%65.2%
228Rashard Higgins◦ provisionalCLEWR4751.1%59.1%52.2%65.9%
229DJ MooreCARWR16456.7%59.0%53.9%64.0%
230Odell Beckham Jr.◦ provisionalLAWR8353.0%58.4%52.2%64.4%
231Denzel Mims◦ provisionalNYJWR2334.8%57.5%49.9%65.0%
232Marquez Valdes-Scantling◦ provisionalGBWR5646.4%56.9%50.1%63.5%
233DJ Chark◦ provisionalJAXWR2330.4%56.6%49.0%64.1%
234Kenny Golladay◦ provisionalNYGWR7748.0%56.3%50.0%62.5%
235Darius Slayton◦ provisionalNYGWR5844.8%56.1%49.4%62.7%
236Kenny Stills◦ provisionalNOWR2326.1%55.8%48.1%63.3%
237Robbie ChosenCARWR11048.2%55.0%49.2%60.7%

How the shrinkage works

Two estimators

Rate stats (completion %, success rate, catch rate) use a beta-binomial model: a Beta(α, β) prior fit by marginal likelihood over each position group, then a Beta posterior per player. Per-play averages (EPA, CPOE, yards) use a normal-normal model with DerSimonian–Laird between-player variance. Both pull each player toward their group by exactly how thin their sample is.

Does it help? & the fine print

The trust panel’s numbers come from a leakage-free odd/even-week holdout: fit on odd weeks, predict even-week raw. Shrinkage lowers out-of-sample error for every stat. Priors are fit per season and per position (WR and TE separately), so a TE’s baseline isn’t a skill. Regular season only, 2016–2025. Rushing and receiving efficiency are heavily scheme-driven — read the wide bands as the honesty they are.

Source: nflverse play-by-play. Counted and computed deterministically — never modeled by a language model. Built by build_nfl_leaderboards.py (byte-reproducible).